Lord Of The Flies Chapter 4: Painted faces And Long hair :: English Literature

Lord Of The Flies Chapter 4: Painted faces And Long hair At the beginning of this chapter the link with moral order and civilisation is still present This is noticeable when Roger is throwing stones but makes sure they do no hit Henry. This is because â€Å"the taboo of the old life† is still strong, â€Å"Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law† However there is a suggestion that civilisation is becoming remote for the boys â€Å"Rogers arm was conditioned by a civilisation that new nothing of him and was in ruins† Civilisation is a distant memory. Roger and Maurice are beginning to behave differently towards the littluns. They kicked their sand castles over, buried the flowers and scattered the chosen stones. They enjoy doing this, something they would have not done in their past life as they would have been punished by their parents. Maurice realises this while walking away as he â€Å"still felt the unease of a wrong-doing.† This shows that although they have broken away from their past life, by rule breaking, they still have a sense of right and wrong. Moral standards are under threat in this new environment. Jacks standards and morals have been eroded. He claims that his war paint is for camouflage and will help him when he is hunting, â€Å"They don’t smell me. They see me.† He claims. Jack is excited by his new appearance. However the war paint removes him from his previous identity. The others are â€Å"appalled† as Jack â€Å"began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling.† He takes on primitiveness and leaves behind the rules and laws from his previous life. The war paint mask appeared to be taking control â€Å"the mask was a thing on it’s own† and it â€Å" compelled them† Jack had left behind his â€Å"shame and self consciousness.† Piggy is trying to maintain a link with civilisation by suggesting they could make a sundial. However this is treated with sarcasm and ridicule from Ralph â€Å"and an airplane, and a TV set†¦ and a steam engine.† Piggy, keen to be accepted misinterprets Ralph’s smile as a friendly gesture but Ralph becomes dismissive and moves away. The boys suddenly realise that their fire has gone out and a ship passes by without seeing them. Ralph hears the hunting processions chanting led by Jack. During the early days Jack could not bring himself to kill a pig. However killing has now become acceptable. The boys involved in the hunt have broken what was earlier, a taboo. Not only are they now prepared to kill, they actually take real pleasure in doing so â€Å"Kill

Collective unconscious Essay

Carl Jung was born in Kesswyl, Thurgau, Switzerland on July 26, 1875. His father was kind but weak, while his mother was an insecure woman but with two personalities: (a) kind and loving (b) harsh and aloof. Jung was lonely at childhood making him introvert. In 1906 he published The Psychology of Dementia Praecox, a psychoanalytic treatment of schizophrenia. He first met Freud in 1907 and Freud regarded Jung as his son and they travelled and worked together that lasted until 1913. Freud and Jung had an argument that ended their friendship. Freud considered it as the â€Å"Great Loss†. Jung is the first president of International Psychoanalytic Society. Jung established his own school of psychology named â€Å"Analytical Psychology†. Jung begun the structure of personality and made the ego, personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Dynamics of Personality Carl Jung conceived that the personality or psyche as being a partially closed energy system. Energy from the outside sources must be added into the system and the system will only be perfect and stabilized if it is completely closed. He called psychic energy as the energy by which the work of personality is performed. Psyche – refers to all psychological processes: thoughts, feelings, sensations, wishes, etc. It is also another term for personality. Principle of Equivalence – states that if a particular value weakens the sum of the energy represented by the value will not be lost from the psyche but will reappear in a new value. Principle of Entropy – states that the distribution of energy in the psyche seeks equilibrium and balance. Structure of Personality. 1. Ego – it is one’s conscious mind. It serves as the organized conscious mediator between the person and reality especially by functioning both in the perception of and adaptation to reality. 2. Personal unconscious – the material in the personal unconscious comes from the individual’s past. It consist f experiences that was once conscious but have been repressed. 3. Collective unconscious – is the part of the collective psyche that is unconscious. It is the storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from one’s ancestral past. Archetypes – it is the universal thought form or predisposition to respond to the world in a certain way. It emphasizes potentialities; it represents different potential ways in which we may express our humanities. The Self – it represents the unity of all parts of the personality. It is the central archetype. Self Ultimate unity of personality (the central archetype) Persona Mask or Social Role Shadow Animal instincts or the opposite of Persona Anima Feminine side of male psyche Animus Masculine side of the female psyche. The Persona – refers to the social role that one assumes in society. It is a mask that one wears to adjust to the demands of society. The Shadow – encompasses those unsocial thoughts, feelings and behaviours that we potentially posses and other characteristics that we do not want to accept. The Anima – feminine side of the male psyche. The Animus – masculine side of the female psyche. Word association – a test used by Jung to detect complexes. The test is composed of a list of words; as each word is presented, the patient responds with the first word that comes to his or her mind. Complexes – an organized group of thoughts, feelings and memories about a particular concept that has power to draw new ideas into it and interpret them accordingly. Basic Attitudes Extroverted attitude: a standpoint characterized by an outward flowing of personal energy — an interest in events, in people and things, a relationship with them, and a dependence on them. Introverted attitude: characterized by an inward flowing of personal energy—a withdrawal concentrating on subjective factors. The Four Functions Thinking – gives meaning and understanding; actions are a result of an intellectually considered motive; life is based on principles. Feeling – a rational function that weighs, values, and attaches a proper value to things. Truth is seen as inter-subjectivity. Sensation – emphasis on perception through the senses. It is a reality functions because it yields facts and the representations of the world. Intuition – tells of future possibilities and gives information of the atmosphere which surrounds experience. Causality vs. Teleology For Jung both past and the future standpoints are important in determining the present behaviour. Teleology explains the present in terms of the future while causality explains the present in terms of the past. Individuation – process of restoring wholeness to the psyche in adult development. Transcendence Function – is capacity to unite all of the opposing trends of the several systems to work toward the perfect wholeness. Self realization – is process of development that involves individuation and transcendence. In the process, the systems of the psyche achieve their fullest most complete differentiation and harmonious blending of all aspects of a human’s total personality. Strengths Jung’s theory as the first to discuss the process of self actualization. He was the first to emphasize the importance of the future in determining human behaviour. He stressed the attainment of selfhood as the main motive in human behaviour. Weaknesses Jung’s method was not systematic and puts too much emphasis on occultism, spiritualism and religion. His theory was said to be unscientific, unclear, inconsistent and contradictory. His self actualization is only applicable to the highly intelligent, well educated and those who have plenty of time to reach a degree of individualism. Sources: Engler, B. (2006). Personality Theories: An Introduction. USA: Houghton Mifflin Company. Hall, C. , Gardner, L. (1975). Theories of Personality. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Burger, J. (2008). Personality. Belmont, California, Wadsworth Clonniger, S. (2004). Theories of Personality: Understanding Persons. USA: Pearson Prentice Hall Mitchell, G. Carl Jung & Jungian Analytical Psychology. Retrieved from http://www. trans4mind. com/mind-development/jung. htmlÃ'Ž

Generic vs. Name Brand

You Get What You Pay For When you shop for groceries where do you stand in choosing either a generic vs. brand name product? Do you reach for the brand name box of Kraft macaroni and cheese, or would you rather pick up a generic box of macaroni and cheese to save that extra 10 cents? Is your decision based off a difference in taste or is it simply a matter of paying for quality of the product? What does spending more money on a brand name food product have to say about who we are in our culture today?Today there is an idea that by buying a brand name product a person is buying something of more quality, which can strangely in turn determine our importance in society. My mother stood firm by the phrase â€Å"you get what you pay for†. Meaning name brand foods taste better and are higher quality, and that the no name â€Å"generic† brands are cheap and don’t taste as good. I even remember years ago on a routine trip to the grocery store, my mother asked me to get s paghetti sauce. When I returned my mother remarked, â€Å"Lauren you got the wrong sauce.Please run and get me the good sauce, the name brand spaghetti sauce, not this cheap gross sauce†. Afterwards she was even given a taste test between the two sauces, and struggled to make a choice and give me the right answer to support her belief. Considering most generic brand foods and the name brand foods taste almost identical to one another, wouldn’t one think that the less expensive, no name brand would be the obvious one to buy? Yet society still is drawn to choose the name brand items.Shoppers are quite leery of some categories. Although they’ll snap up store brand paper goods and plastics, consumers almost never buy store-brand wine, pet food, soda, or soup. That may be especially true when the category includes a name brand such as Coca-Cola or Campbell’s. Most grocery store shoppers know that buying generic store brand products instead of the brand name pr oducts can save a lot of money. In fact, by filling a shopping cart with generic brands could save an average of 30 percent on your purchase.If you spend $100 a week on groceries, those savings add up to more than $1,400 a year. Yet some shoppers are insistent to go for the name brands for the reason that they have a name to protect with their product. Meaning satisfaction of the product is guaranteed. However, if they taste the same why is there a price difference at all? Several reasons for the discounted price on the no name generic brands is that companies don’t spend a lot of time or money on product development or on advertising or promotion costs.You definitely pay a little bit more money for the label that is researched, designed and marketed to be more appealing to the targeted buyer. The generic brand companies keep cost low by taking the extra costs of research, marketing and graphic art frills away and presenting you with a less flashy, less quality version of pac kaging for a lower amount of money. People buy generic products to save money, however, it may also have an effect on the buyer’s own sense of self-worth. Buying generic products lower self-esteem. Indulging on top quality items makes us feel better about ourselves.For the most part, buying nice things makes us happy. Although, there are those who find joy in buying generic as well. Some may feel genuinely smart when using generics instead of brand names. This may be a result of the feeling that they received an equal product for less money. Yet that unconscious link between the products we buy and how they make us feel about ourselves suggest that if holding a box of generic corn flakes in the supermarket makes you feel like â€Å"a loser,† than you might want to put it down and reach for the Kellogg’s.To support that brand name foods are better it’s been argued that cost also has to do with the quality of products that are put into the item. You should compare the ingredients of the generic and the name brand before buying. Make sure that they have the same ingredients and that the generic does not have more unhealthy ingredients than the generic. Also, a brand name tends to have a little bit higher quality of products than the generic version. While the generic may list the exact same ingredients, it may not be as good of quality which â€Å"could† affect the taste.The individuals that usually buy brand name products have a tendency to believe they must buy them in order to get good quality. Meaning of course better quality is overall â€Å"better† in taste and health. Although, the qualities of ingredients between products are almost always identical to one another, making this argument nearly useless. The idea of better quality in name brand versus generic moves on still into a more psychological aspect rather than just economic.Society continues to buy into the belief that if it costs more it must be better. Why is that a fancy picture and a higher cost for a product give a person the impression that owning this item makes them feel better about themselves? Pride of ownership comes to play, and something about buying better quality makes a person feel better about a their own status in society. Perhaps a person may feel they work hard and deserve the best or that if they buy the name brand, they will experience better health, happiness, or appearance.This is supported with the fact that even though the spaghetti sauce taste test proved to my mother that there was little or no difference between sauces, she still buys and insists the name brand sauce is better. To this day you will rarely find a generic brand food box or label in my mother’s pantry. Do you really get what you pay for? Well, if you want to help pay the salaries of the advertising, development and research teams that go into the name brand products then you do! However, if you want to save money and still experience a q uality product with a comparable taste, generic no name brands would be the obvious answer.

Compae

Today the United States of America has a very large constructed government that has been influenced through the ages. The Greeks romans and Judeo-Christian traditions had the biggest impact on our government today though due to the way they began their governments. Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian cultures had similar ideas about laws and individual duties that have influenced us today. The Greeks just like United States use three branches of government, they carry out laws through their executive branch and the legislative branch passes laws.The leader was chosen by lot today the president is chosen by popular vote. Judeo-Christian, Greek and Roman cultures also had differences in their views of law, reason and faith and individual responsibilities. In Judeo-Christian law, reason and faith are based on the Word of God. They believe in only one God, saying he is the creator of all things. Greco-Roman beliefs dealt with more logic. Philosophers like Plato and Aristotle believed in a su preme God but this was because of mythology where the people preferred to create their own gods.As far as law and reason, in Greece; philosophy ruled and in Roman the opinion of Caesar ruled. Greeks viewed law as something that was developed by common sense and over time through civilized logic and experience. Jews and Christians viewed laws as coming from a god. The duties of individuals under Judeo-Christian view is to love the Lord your God with all your heart and all you mind and all your soul and to love your neighbor as yourself. Greco-Roman is that only Roman citizens are to be considered people and treated as people.Greeks considered those outside of Athens to be ignorant and not worth their time. These three cultures have influenced the way we think about laws even now today. We use the Judeo-Christians ideas about individual worth, ethical controllers, and the need to fight injustice. These ideals continue to be extremely important to United States government still today. This all taught us that representation and citizen participation are important features of democratic governments around the world. Romans were the first ones to give the world an idea of a republic.They had the first written legal code and idea that this code should be applied equally and impartially to all citizens. On the other hand the Greeks invented the first democracy in the ancient world. All in all these three cultures of Greek, Roman, and Judeo-Christian had one thing in common; they all influenced our government today. Even though all of them are extremely different and have different ideas based on law, faith, and tradition they are all a lot alike. They are all influential in positive ways and we owe it all to them for creating the government we have today in the United States.

Biology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biology - Assignment Example The number of cups of coffee should also depend on how much the escort and the professor can wager. 4. I believe the cups should not be identical. Perhaps there should be 3 designs and 4 pieces each, so 12. Maybe the design can affect the result of the experiment. I believe one kind of design is glass, another is plastic and the other is ceramic, because the coffee or milk might taste different with different material of the cup. If possible, I would like to prepare some cold and some hot, because it is possible that temperature might also affect the taste of the coffee or milk. 5. The order that the cups should be presented must be random so the only way I could think of is by jumbling the arrangement of all 12 cups but the escort and professor should take note which cup has milk or coffee added first. After that, any random cup from the group of 12 cups can be given to the model until she finishes tasting everything. 6. I think if she has guessed at least 75% of the cups correctly (minimum of 9), then we can say that the hypothesis is true. If we decide only after 50%, then maybe it is not enough and maybe she is just a good guesser. 1. The hypothesis I chose was different because it was a practical hypothesis. According to Fisher, if we use a null hypothesis we can exclude the possibility that the order of the cups has an influence on the results. However, if we use another hypothesis, then there might be confusion. So it is better to say that the order of the cups and other factors have no effect on the ability of the model to distinguish whether coffee or milk was added first. 2. My answer was the same as Fisher’s. I thought that â€Å"if only two cups are given to the model, then she will be able to simply freely guess whether the first cup had milk added first or if it is the second one.† According to Fisher, if only 3 cups can be chosen, then complete success can be achieved by pure chance. 3. I said the

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Finance - Essay Example Note: The category ‘Economic inactivity’ includes all people who are not in paid employment or actively looking for a job, while ‘Unemployed’ only includes people actively looking for a job and available to work in the next two weeks (the standard definition of unemployment). ‘Total population’ refers to people living in private households (i.e. not in residential care homes, community centres or prisons). The government decisions that can affect the flow of cash from both households and corporate is Fiscal and Monetary Policies which includes, the taxation which is interest rates and the government spending(Riley 2012) The money that flow to the government includes, savings, payments made to the government, and the taxes. The types of taxes that are paid to the government include, council tax1, taxes on income , National Savings & Investments savings, and government bonds, while payments to government includes, rents paid for living in buildings own by the government(Vivienne Brown and Alan Shipman). If government decides to increase taxes, it means that the money flowing to the households will go done while money flowing to the government will go up. Furthermore, if the government reduces the money which is going towards the citizen then it means that the money flowing towards the households will go down. The amount of money that flows from households to corporate includes payments to financial institutions, and spending on services and goods. Spending on services and goods include, money used on foods, leisure, rent, purchase of financial product, clothing and repayment of debts among others. Money that flows from corporations includes loans and incomes, for example salary and dividends. The government can affect this flow of money from households to corporations and vice versa by coming up with monetary policy, and depending where its leaning to then money would flow towards that direction. For

Intercultural Relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intercultural Relations - Research Paper Example nies opening up their business in countries apart from their home countries, cultural integration and sharing of cross cultural values have become more important from the perspective of international business. Russia and China are two important economies in the world in terms of international business. However, the cultures prevailing in the two countries are similar and different in various dimensions. The cultural evaluation of the two countries can be done with the use of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. Russians greet in formal styles in business meetings. Handshakes are considered appropriate as forms of greeting or leaving in the business meetings. It is a common practice to exchange business cards in the beginning of a corporate meeting. Formal addressing is considered appropriate in China. Exchange of business cards at the beginning of a business meeting is indispensible (Bouwen, 2001, pp.361-369). The business meetings are conducted in formal and result oriented environment. Russia is characterised by religiosity. Most of the Russians follow the religion Christianity. However there are some percentages of people who follow Islam. Few European minorities are western Christians and roman Catholics. Russian language is the official language. However, the people are fluent in English language. Georgian language is also used in some parts of the country (Hendrickson, 1998, p.141). China is a multi religion country. A number of diverse religions are practiced including Buddhism, Taoism and to an extent Islam. Buddhism and Taoism are the most commonly followed religions in the country. Mandarin and standard Chinese are most commonly spoken language. Punctuality is important for Russian people. Handshake in formal meetings is expected. Demonstrating gestures are commonly shown by the Russian people. A firm handshake with a suitable greeting according to the time of the day is considered appropriate (Jandt, 2013, p.377). The Chinese strive to make