Drivers influencing changes to the supply chain management Essay

Drivers influencing changes to the supply chain management - Essay Example Nevertheless despite such investments, challenges abound. It is therefore a process that requires continuous improvement anchored in the core philosophy of an organization. Introduction In order to gain a competitive advantage in the international supply chain process, it is imperative to match the various value adding activities in the chain with the comparative advantages realized in the different sectors that make up the entire chain. Indeed, supply chain management has become an important determinant of the success of any industry and business. In this regard, companies across the world are seeking the best ways to enhance the efficiency and performance of their supply chains. In this regard, supply chain managers are increasingly facing challenges involved in the three areas of supply chain process: procurement, processing and distribution. Managing supply chains in the present world is certainly a fluid process. While globalization increases the opportunities for businesses acr oss the world it also increases the risks involved. In this regard, any company operating beyond one border must understand the critical need to effectively manage its supply chain process. Supply chain management is no longer conducted behind the scenes. ... in electronic invoicing, automated notifications, computerized shipping ad tracking in addition to a wide range of new applications which are intended to enhance efficiency in the supply chains. The focus of all these changes is always to cut down costs and streamline the expenses realized by companies. In addition, the management philosophy employed within an organization largely determines the success of its SCM. It is important for the leadership to regard supply chain as a competitive advantage. The leadership should have a clear understanding of the capacity and strengths of the supply chain and how it affects growth, customer service and profitability of the organization (Neef, 2004). Other organizations usually consider the option of outsourcing their supply chain management in order to create efficiency. In this regard, the management philosophy of an organization with respect to its supply chains greatly determines the success of the process (Fredendall & Hill, 2001). Global ization and Supply Chain Management In the past few decades, the growth of the global economy and the global marketplace has influenced both consumers and industries alike. Through globalization, the business environment has become more competitive and connected. As such both opportunities and threats have increased. The hitherto existing barrier of distance has been eliminated through new technology and more efficient communication channels. Today, there is a greater networking across organizations mostly driven by the efficient transportation and logistics realized today (Ayers, 2007). Businesses operating in such a global economy have many options on how and where they can produce their products, which markets to sell to and how to interact and communicate to their suppliers and

Illegal music downloading at the University of Maryland Essay Example for Free

Illegal music downloading at the University of Maryland Essay To the University of Maryland, the reported contained herein should serve as an effective investigation into the patterns of illegal downloading of music on the campus. As this is a serious legal issue for which the recorded music industry has levied considerable pressure over universities, it is clear that there is a necessity to adopt a strategy which promotes legal downloading. Currently, the University’s strategy problematically mirrors that of much of the music industry itself. Such is to say that it remains convolutedly uncertain as to how best to diminish the appeal of free or illegal downloading which has been so dominant in the campus culture of the last decade. Contained herein is a strategy which is ironically novel in its approach, insofar as it projects its interest in the student which is at the core of this issue. Such is to say that for far too long, industry and universities have consulted one another and legal scholars in order to determine what actions might be taken against said student. Indeed, a perusal of the University of Maryland’s Play Fair website, which is intended to serve as an educational forum on the subject of illegal downloading and which is subject to greater consideration further along in this study, is demonstrative of the combative stance that has been so counter-constructive. Therefore, the research examination here is centered on the survey-collected input of university students, whom are at direct issue and who are most directly impacted by the issue at hand. By considering the insights of University of Maryland students on the issues of illegal downloading, pay-service downloading and the declining conditions in the music industry at large, the research will be intended to propose some direct and actionable recommendations which should lend to a long-term resolution of this situation for the University. Inherently, this discussion and the research yielded will demonstrate a core set of philosophical and economic issues requisite and illuminating to the discussion that are nonetheless fairly complex and, therefore, not easily addressed in a broader social, political and educational scheme, regardless of the recommendations approached here..

Synopsis of Lines 60 - 129 of Sir Gawain and The Green Knight :: Sir Gawain and The Green Knight

Synopsis of Lines 60 - 129 of Sir Gawain and The Green Knight In this section of the poem, the New Year has just begun. King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table have attended mass, and they are just beginning a spectacular celebration at Camelot. We are told the group is participating in traditional gift-giving and feasting. The dais where Lady Guenevere and Sir Gawain are seated is described as "well-decked and duly arrayed" with silk and expensive tapestries. (Norton, 204) It seems as though no expense has been spared. The fact that Gawain is seated next to the queen tells us of his importance and high status within the group. We learn that he is a nephew of King Arthur and that Agravain, another nephew of the king, is also seated there. King Arthur does not join the others when they sit down to eat. He is boyish, restless, and full of energy. He has vowed that he will not sit down to eat at a holiday celebration until he hears a tale "of some fair feat" or " some marvel of might." (Norton, 204) In other words, Arthur behaves like a young child who must be entertained before he will sit down to eat. The poet then tells us about the first course being brought in with the "clamor of trumpets that were bravely bedecked with bannerets bright, with noise of new drums and the noble pipes." (Norton, 204-205) Other sumptuous dishes follow. There is so much food that there is scarcely room to set it all down on the tables. Food, wine and beer are plentiful, and the mood is light and festive. In this passage, the knights of the Round Table are presented "in their first age." (Norton, 203) The poet easily brings the scene of this traditional celebration to life for the reader with his detailed descriptions of the festivities.

Women in Psychology Paper

Women have made many contributions to the advancement of psychology, many of which have gone without notice until recent times, and some of which still goes unidentified in the field of psychology. The mention of women in the early development of psychology usually refers to them as minor contributors to a field that at one time was predominantly dominated by men. â€Å"Women of the time were subject to gender and martial prejudice† (Stipkovich, 2011). One such women who thrived in the field of psychology despite of and greatly due to the discrimination women experienced in the 1900’s is Leta Hollingworth.According to â€Å"Stipkovich (2011)†, â€Å"The remarkable path Leta Hollingworth’s life took her was instrumental in becoming a significant figure in the history of psychology of woman† (Contributions to the field of Psychology). Background Born Leta Anna Stetter, in May of 1886 in Nebraska, she was the oldest of three children. Raised on her gra ndparent’s farm after her mother’s death and fathers abandonment following the birth of her youngest sibling. â€Å"Leta Stetter received her early formal education in a one-room log schoolhouse, an education she later described as â€Å"excellent in every respect† (Miller, R.1990, para. 4). Leta graduated high school in 1902, at the age of 15 she was one of eight students in the class. In high school Leta showed a talent for creative writing which she was encouraged to develop in college. Leta enrolled and attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, â€Å"where she quickly achieved a campus reputation in literature and creative writing and was designated Class Poet of the Class of 1906† (Miller, R. 1990, p. 145). While attending the university Leta met and became engaged to classmate Harry Levi Hollingworth.Harry graduated from the university before Leta and decided to do his graduate studies in New York at Columbia University, Leta stayed in Nebraska to finish her undergraduate work and graduated in 1906. Unable to start a career in writing as she originally intended due to financial problems, Leta took a teaching position in Nebraska and later joined Harry in New York the two were married on December 31, 1908. Leta attempted to get a job as a teacher in New York but was denied based solely on her marital status. â€Å"This was a very frustrating circumstance for the talented and educated graduate and led to the questioning of the role women play in  society† (Stipkovich, 2011).Over time Leta went on to complete her graduate studies at Columbia receiving an M. A. in 1913, Ph. D. 1916. While completing her studies in educational psychology at Columbia Leta had an opportunity to work directly with Edward Lee Thorndike. According to Stipkovich (2011), â€Å"With the environment finally allowing her to explore her academic interests, and questions about her own existence as a married woman, she pursued the study of womenâ €™s psychology and new interests in giftedness and intelligence† (A little Background). Theoretical perspectiveLeta became interested in psychology after questioning women’s inferiority to men. After researching the works of other psychologist she found only one assertion that could be tested scientifically. This assertion was commonly known as the â€Å"variability hypothesis,† (Benjamin, L. , 1990 p. 147). Held, L. (2010), states â€Å"The variability hypothesis posited that men exhibit greater variation than women on both physical and psychological traits, in essence suggesting that men occupied both the highest and lowest ends of the spectrum on any trait and women were doomed to mediocrity† (para.4).In order to disprove this hypothesis Leta did some research at the Clearinghouse for Mental Defectives â€Å"Hollingworth believed societal roles accounted for the differences, not innate differences† (Held, L. 2010 p. 3). She conducted an exper iment over a three month time period on both men and women from a behaviorist perspective which essential proved there was no decrease in women’s performance during the course of their cycle. While teaching at Columbia Leta started to express an interest in the study of exceptional children.While working with these children she discovered most of them were averagely intelligent but suffered from adjustment problems due to adolescents. In 1928 Leta published â€Å"The Psychology of the Adolescent† once again done from a behaviorist perspective further research should children with high intellect could be problem children, causing her to ask what special programs have been developed for them in public schools? (Benjamin, L. , 1990). â€Å"She worked on assessment tools for early identification of the intellectually gifted, and inevitably her work led her to the development of educational methods for these children† Benjamin, L., 1990).Contributions to the field of psychology Leta Hollingworth is a contributor to three specific fields of psychology. Leta’s recognition of the challenges faced by women set precedent to a new field of psychology: the psychology of women. Barbaro (2002), â€Å"Because of her work, future women would not have to deal with unchecked acquisitions of innate mediocrity or menstrual disability in their pursuit of scientific eminence† (Contributions to Psychology).In 1921 Leta Hollingworth was cited in â€Å"American Men of Science† for her research on the psychology of women (Held, L. 2010 p. 15). The other field of psychology Leta Hollingworth was a great contributor to the psychology of the exceptional child which led to her much known involvement and influence in school psychology. Due to her studies on the gifted children she was able to develop methods to recognize gifted children and aide in the development of a school curriculum better meeting their needs.Hollingworth’s writings on gi fted children, special education, adolescence, and mental retardation were inspirational for over twenty years (Miller, R. , 1990). In clinical psychology she disproved the â€Å"variability hypothesis† her examination on both male and female infant craniums proved that while the males were slightly larger if a difference in variability existed it favored females (Held, L. 2010 p. 4). After the disproving of the â€Å"variability hypothesis† Leta Hollingworth worked in the field of clinical psychology part-time for twenty years.Other contribution to psychology are noted publishing’s such as â€Å"Gifted Children: Their Nature and Nurture† (1926) this book was based on the results of her study on gifted children and â€Å"Children Above 180 IQ† (1942) this was Leta Hollingworth’s last publication and was completed after her death by her husband, Harry L. Hollingworth (Held, L. 2010 p. 7). Conclusion Leta Hollingworth was a women extraordinary for her time. She not let her troublesome childhood prevent her from gaining an education instead she used her less than perfect up bring to develop a talent in creative writing.When she found herself unable to work doing what at the time seemed like her natural calling she went on to teach, only to find her marital status would prevent her from doing so. This turning point in her life was discouraging but, with the support of her husband went on to gain an education, and dismantle one of the theories that prevent her and other women of her time from equal treatment. Leta went on from their developing not only one but three types of psychology that had not yet been explored in-depth, the psychology of women, educational psychology, and the psychology of the gifted child.Her work in the field of psychology not only furthered the field it changed the way women were looked upon, and the education of children both gifted and non-gifted. Instead of becoming a victim of her era she went on to become a pioneering female psychologist of her time â€Å"were she to observe contemporary society, she would be gravely disappointed that in the past 50 years there has been so little progress in changing societal attitudes toward the gifted, and that women, particularly gifted women, still face so many impediments to achievement and recognition† (Silverman, L. K. 1992 p. 11).

A Paper On Customer Satisfaction

Marketing Is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering values to customers and for managing customer relationships In ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. These values are related to an economic dimension and the psychological dimension of the said marketing definition. The same dimensions speak about perceived price through transaction values and cognitive and affective influences on brand choice and affective influences.This definition of marketing leads to the importance and critical roles of customers perception of corporate Images and reputation leading to customer satisfaction as an Intermediary to customer loyalty. This Is done In relevance with the belief and fact that customers are the primary ‘assets' of a market and not the product itself. With customers being satisfied, or if customers show a high level of satisfaction then only can the market for the particular product grow. This in turn can lea d to customer loyalty and loyalty intention. What is Customer Satisfaction?Customer Satisfaction Is said to be able to Increase product sales and bring about fulfillment response. It is a Judgment that a product or service feature, or the reduce itself, provided or is providing a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment including levels of under or over-fulfillment. † It is the degree of experience that a customer receives from a good or service provided by a market. Thus ‘Customer Satisfaction' is the measure of this degree of experience or pleasure of customers measured by the number of repeated customers who repeatedly use the goods or service.It is also seen that customer satisfaction leads to the customers being loyal to the product or service thus in return be loyal to the particular brand of the product. It can also be used as a measure of loyalty intention. Oliver(1997) defined customer's loyalty as â€Å"a deep held commitment to rebury or re-patron ize a preferred product or service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same brand or same brand-set purchasing, despite situational influences and marketing efforts that have the potential to cause switching behavior. Loyalty then is the intent or the customer's behavior to rebury the same product or service from a particular source (thus linking to a brand) because of the satisfaction that he or she achieved from using the product/service repeatedly. Why is Customer Satisfaction Important? Talking about customer satisfaction, one must understand why customer satisfaction is important. In asking that question the following reasons come up based on research. The main point is because customer satisfaction as a measure of loyalty intention and customer retention is a leading indicator and a point differentiator.Studying customer satisfaction or performing customer satisfaction surveys yields a better understanding of customer lifetime value and reduces customer chur n. In saying so, keeping and making old customers satisfied is a lot cheaper than acquiring new ones. Making customers happy reduces negative word of mouth for the product or service and thus doesn't affect the product or service negatively. On the other hand, with satisfied and happy customers word of mouth would enable an acquisition of many more other customers who can then be transformed to satisfied customers and then into totally satisfied customers.Retaining customers who are satisfied isn't much of a problem, it is those customers who often have problems with the products or services offered that needs to be looked into. Suppose if a ‘satisfaction' survey is carried out on a particular product, and the result gives a list if any customers who are not satisfied with the product or who gives a low rating for the product; then one must look into how and why they are unsatisfied with the product. One can keep a watch list on these customers and follow up with different que ries so as to determine why they are not satisfied.In knowing this, the brand can know the actual number of people who have intent of repurchase and of those who are actually loyal to the brand. The main difference between competitors in a market is their ability to retain and satisfy those customers who continue to be with them. Bringing customer satisfaction as a main strategy or a core point of action for a brand can be a detrimental factor for two or more competitors offering the same service or product. Take for example Competitor A and Competitor B both offering Product X.A customer C would go for either of the competitor's Product X if C would have received feedback from another customer (say D) if D would have given a positive feedback to given a positive word of mouth feedback to C of the Product X from Competitor A if the competitor A had offered or given a high level of satisfaction to the customer D. Thus the main differentiating factor for C for choosing product X from A and B would highly depend on the recommendation from D. This is what is meant by acquiring new customers and retaining old ones based on customer satisfaction.Studies have shown that totally satisfied customers are more loyal to a brand than Just satisfied customers. The Customer Lifetime Value (CLC) which can yield profit from a customer based on prediction of spending of the customer on a particular product or service is different for totally and Just satisfied customers. Just satisfied customers can and eight defect to other products or services and have a lower CLC. This is because with just satisfied customers, chances of new products from competitors who offer better services and benefits might make them shift from their regular brand and products.This can be attributed to the effect of the new product attributes that wooed them to shift or because of the lack of retention capability of the current brand. In the case of totally satisfied customers however, a new product or s ervice with better offers and benefits than the current brand isn't enough to deter them to take a shift. This might be due to the high loyalty they have towards their current brand because of their high levels of satisfaction they achieved from using the product or service or because of the brand's capability to retain them by incorporating customer satisfaction strategies in their business plans.Thus we can see that Just satisfied customers are willing to shift to other products more readily than totally satisfied customers. Markets should be able to distinguish between these two and formulate strategies to convert Just satisfied to totally satisfied customers which can raise the Customer Lifetime Value and thus increase profit. Consistency as a Customer Satisfaction Tool For a brand to be able to retain customers and to make them satisfied and happy, consistency is one of the major routes in achieving total customer satisfaction.The consistency that the paper talks about is the c onsistent satisfaction of a customer and its measure of relation to the overall sum of customer satisfaction over a period of time. This is in contrast to the measure of a five point scale satisfaction survey of individual customers. In measuring this satisfaction consistency, we measure the attestation levels of an individual customer for a particular product or service provided by a certain brand over their continued use and repurchase of the product or brand. This gives us a better understanding of the customer's response to the product or service though out the customer lifetime value.With increasing use of the product the customer can either be satisfied, totally satisfied or be frustrated with the product. This study based on consistency can then be translated into strategies or plans to enable the brand to retain the dissatisfied customer, convert the Just testified and improve the totally satisfied customer. Throughout the customers' lifetime with the product the brands cons istent work to provide them with excellent and effortless service and a consistent support mechanism can ensure maximum customer satisfaction. However not all brands can offer and deliver the same.Having a positive customer-experience emotions- encompassed in a feeling of trust-were the biggest drivers of satisfaction and loyalty in a majority of industries. Consistency with customers in relationships, services and relations is important to forge trust brands' customer pool. A company's brand is driven by more than the combination of promises made and kept. It is also critical to ensure customers recognize the delivery of those promises. This requires communicating and key messages that consistently highlight delivery and themes.In this case customer's perceptions and views of the brand are reinforced. This in turn generates goodwill in the minds of the customers thus leading into a satisfaction level though the communication of these fulfilling promises and on time market communica tions to reinforce experiences. Relationship between Price and Satisfaction Say a customer A was traveling and had to stop to stay for a night. The hotel that he stayed charged him an exorbitant amount as the room rent and other charges and this caused A to be upset and thus dissatisfied with the hotel.But because of the urgent requirement he had to put up with it. But in staying at the hotel he found out that the overall service of the hotel, the staffs and the facilities provided were much more than he anticipated. When asked to rate the hotel he gave it a ten out of ten. This is an example of how price can be related to satisfaction. But this is not the case with most products and services. Customers often expect good sales and services when they pay a hefty price for a product. If the product performs they are more likely to continue the use of the same product and recommend the same to others.The opposite is the case if the product doesn't meet the necessary requirements the cu stomer had in mind while paying for it. If that's the case, a sure negative response from the customer via word of mouth would go to others, thus making the brand lose out on a potential customer while not retaining a customer. Thus customer satisfaction and price has a direct negative relationship and impact on customer attention. This is regardless of satisfaction with the service experience or reward programmer membership status.This also shows the price sensitivity of customers in relation to being satisfied with a product or service. Achieving Customer Satisfaction As customer satisfaction is an important factor for brands, companies and the market, plans and strategies must be included to achieve the same. This part of the paper will give a simple layout on how to achieve customer satisfaction. Since the business or the market continues to exist because of the customer, the customer should be made the first priority. This is in accordance to what was said at the beginning of t he paper where customers where declared as assets of a market.If customers are unhappy and uncaring for a product or service; chances are they have already made up their minds to shift to another. They also are highly capable to spread negativity about the same product or service via word of mouth. A â€Å"Can-Do† attitude by sales executives and the staffs in general can go a long way to making customers happy and satisfied. Inconvenience caused by the staffs and personnel at a retail shop or outlet can cause a very long lasting negative impression on the minds f the customers. The lesser the complaints received, the more highly the customer is satisfied with the service.Communication with customers also offers a great platform in creating relationships with them and building trust in them. Also communication about the services and products provided by the brand to increase the knowledge of the customer is an ideal way to retain customers. If the full quality and service of a product and the extent to which the product or service can be used is made known to customer gets about the product or service, the more highly it can affect his/her purchase decision again and again. This can then lead to customer retention and satisfaction.Timing is also one of the basic factors that can lead to customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. On time deliveries, sales and services, and deadlines are real time factors influencing customer satisfaction. Uncertainty and lack of confidence with customers are negative points on the customer's mind. Your customer expects prompt, courteous service. When asking for service help, your customer should never have to make a second call. Establish clearly defined and attainable service standards using the input of customers and employees. Ensure hat those standards are thoroughly understood by employees and promoted to customers.Put the standards into practice through employee reward programs that establish and recognize excellenc e in service. Research into competitors actions to improve your own goals and improve your own techniques and services. Remember that the customer is the markets' everything. Complains must be listened and taken into account. Positive solutions must be encouraged along with politeness, compliments and enthusiasm. You are the company that the customer sees. The customer is always evaluating you, so offer a better service than your competitors ND always show interest in the customer.Conclusion In concluding we can see that although there are customers who will always buy and purchase a product or service because of needs and requirements; totally satisfied customers are hard to find. Retaining Just satisfied customers also is a hard process since it entails a lot of work and research into why there can be a shift even when they are satisfied. Customer satisfaction is thus seen as not Just a unit of measure for brands and markets to calculate their profits and revenues but is seen as a n important factor for marketing strategies and plans.This is because the more satisfied the customers are, the more loyal they can become and the more loyal they become the more benefit the brand and the market can achieve from them in terms of profit and revenue. The results of the study shows that the markets offering different products and services should concentrate on customer satisfaction as it plays an important role in retaining customers which are the â€Å"Assets† of any market. References 1. Enhance Plus; â€Å"Why is Customer Satisfaction Important? † 2. â€Å"The effect of price on return intentions: Do satisfaction and reward programmer membership matter?

Lynching in America between 1890 and 1930

Lynching in America between 1890 and 1930 Introduction It has been shown that people involved in acts of atrocity, such as lynching, shared common characteristics. This is true in case of America when it is estimated that more than 3,500 were lynched between 1865 and 1920. These happened during the time of black disfranchisement, enactment and implementation of Jim Crow laws.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lynching in America between 1890 and 1930 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, the reality brought about by its barbaric and grisly activity was so awful that such an event should never be forgotten. This is mainly because of the fear of knowing its conditions, causes and consequences. The places involved in lynching included mid-Atlantic region, Pennsylvania and Delaware. However, the most notorious areas were the south, particularly the cotton growing states. The most important factors that led to increase in lynching across the region included the belief that collective action was rational, and Whites had the right to practice lynching in order to preserve their dominion and guard the community against the unwanted intrusions (Miller, 276). In addition, it represented a marrow of community identity as seen in labor strikes, American Revolution and Civil war, among others. It can thus be said that the most important factors that led to increased lynching were communal identity, communal rights/interests, rational view of collective action, economic changes and laws applied at that period. The most important factors that led to an increase in lynching across the United States between 1890 and 1930 Lynching was done for a number of reasons during these periods. However, the most important factor involved was caused by the desire to protect communal identity with its rights. This allowed the upstanding members of white community to call such an atrocity as a means of protecting their rightful places in society as well as strengt hening their communal identity. This was quite popular in the southern region where lynching was a common practice. Another cause of lynching is because it defended communal interest in the region (Miller, 277). In essence, these people would stop at nothing to protect their interests and communal identity. Evidences of lynching were collected throughout America and presented in photographs and postcards, which were taken as souvenirs (Allen Littlefield, 1). They uncovered numerous surprising photographs of lynching. These included corpses of Clyde Johnson of Yreka, California (image #1) as well as African American males in Texas (image #2) and Georgia (image #3), among others.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These examples show the brutality that the victims of lynching suffered. Consequently, it can be noted that some of the most important factors that led to increase in ly nching across the United States were for interests and rights of the white community as well as the need to protect communal identity. In essence, they felt that external forces were infringing on their rightful place or ideas, thereby, derailing their authority and rule (Miller, 277). Another important factor that caused lynching was in the conflict of interest between the whites and blacks. This is mainly because blacks were slaves in cotton plantations, most of them were treated badly. This forced some to rebel and be lynched in result. Moreover, those who sympathized with them also faced the same fate. Production of food was essential for the whites. In addition, their economic status hugely relied on production. They, therefore, justified their acts, claiming that lynching was done to ensure their survival. Moreover, they believed in the fact that they were superior to other races and thus deserved respect and special rights over the others. This caused them to strengthen their place as superiors in the region. In essence, those who tried to rebel against the rule of the Whites faced lynching (Miller, 305). It is also necessary to note that the laws of the land could not protect rights of blacks who were treated as slaves. Conclusion Lynching was done in the most barbaric and grisly way throughout American. This is quite agonizing that the current generation opts to forget such an event. This is mainly because they fear to take responsibility for its causes and execution. However, it is also necessary to note that the southern states recorded most occurrences of lynching. In fact, they were the most notorious in practicing that barbaric act. It has also been established that the main reason for lynching was to protect the interests and rights of the white community. Others included the need to protect communal identity and ideas. Moreover, one of the factors that contributed greatly to these events was the fact that collective actions were considered rati onal. Moreover, drastic economic changes during these periods also influenced the increase in the number of these acts of injustice. Moreover, the laws of the land at the time did not offer protection for blacks, hence allowing such actions to be undertaken against them as well as against those who sympathized with them. The most important factors that led to increased lynching in America were communal identity, communal rights/interests, economic changes, laws at that period and rational view of collective action. Allen, James and John Littlefield. Photographs and Postcards of lynching in America. Without Sanctuary. 2005. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lynching in America between 1890 and 1930 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Miller, Randall M. Lynching in America: Some Context and a Few Comments. Pennsylvania History, 72.3 (2005): 275-291. JSTOR. Web. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27778679?seq=1#page_scan_ta b_contents

Intelligence and Purpose, The Most Dangerous Combo Professor Ramos Blog

Intelligence and Purpose, The Most Dangerous Combo Hannibal Lecter is an American crime fiction serial killer based off a real-life surgeon named Alfredo Ballà ­ Trevià ±o. Well known for consuming his victims, or at least parts of them, Hannibal was also known as â€Å"Hannibal the Cannibal.† His character is portrayed and described throughout a series of films, including â€Å"Hannibal Rising† (2007), â€Å"Red Dragon† (2002), â€Å"The Silence of the Lambs† (1991), and â€Å"Hannibal† (2001). Set as the protagonist of this thriller genre series, Hannibal is a cannibalistic, psychopathic, and sociopathic psychiatrist that grew up in a wealthy family. For every gutsy viewer able to watch the series without going crazy, the question that typically boggles the mind is, â€Å"What drove a successful and highly intelligent psychiatrist towards cannibalizing and killing without guilt or remorse?† Hannibal is a fearful character well-rounded with qualities consisting of brilliant intelligence, e motionless, vengefulness, and charming while harboring indications of both a psychopathic and sociopathic nature. In this final essay, I will explain the subsequential line of events that took place during Hannibal’s life which ultimately symbolized and rationalized the monster contained within in association to Jeffrey Cohen’s â€Å"The Monster Culture.† In the year 1933, Hannibal Lecter was born in Lithuania to a wealthy aristocratic family of four. Hannibal was known as a sweet and caring little boy who had a strong and loving bond with his little sister, Mischa. However, upon entering World War II in 1941, everything he knew about life and the world changed. Despite attempting to escape the war’s collateral damage and becoming a casualty of war by hiding away in their family lodge on the outskirts of the city, this is where Hannibal witnessed both of his parents deaths. Besides him and his sister having survived an attack, the rest of his entire family died at the mercy of a Soviet tank right outside their family’s lodge. By eight years old, Hannibal was left to care for his two-year-old sister, Mischa. Shortly after his parents deaths, he and Mischa were kept captives by a group of war deserting Nazi soldiers who invaded their lodge. As winter approached, the Nazi soldiers were starving, too afraid to leave the lodg e’s safety zone and unable to find anything consumable. This was the moment Hannibal witnessed cannibalism without knowing what was actually happening. In a scene set by the fireplace in the film Hannibal Rising, Vladis Grutas, the leader of the Nazi deserters, bit off a chunk of a freshly caught bird and drank its blood with tremendous satisfaction while staring at young and innocent Hannibal and Mischa Lecter. Without guilt or remorse, Vladis calmly stated, We eat or die. Soon after, the Nazi soldiers turned their attention towards the two meaty children with ravening and voracious eyes. To survive, the Nazi deserters convinced themselves that it would be righteous to cannibalize Mischa since she was terribly sick and on death’s door. They took her outside, killed her, cooked her, and ate her. According to Monster Culture’s thesis five, the Monster Polices the Borders of the Possible, the Nazi soldiers crossed a thin line by committing an action outside of the cultural norm (Cohen 12). Whether for means of gratification or survival, the Nazis forced Hannibal to witness the murder and cannibalization of his sister. It was this historical moment that Hannibal had lost all humanitarianism and realized justice did not exist, which inadvertently instigated the dreadful monster that Hannibal would one day become. After witnessing the traumatizing events revolved around Mischa, Hannibal escaped and was brought to an orphanage which turned out to be his family’s wealthy estate. Naturally, he developed posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, and had nightmares of disturbing memories that awoke him on a nightly basis. Hannibal became temporarily mute with flashbacks of Mischa for the next eight years. According to the Multi-Health Systems article, PTSD is a person [that] must have had exposure to a traumatic event†¦ they must also show recurrent and persistent flashbacks, dreams or psychological reactions to any reminder of the traumatic event (Hare 1). In addition to PTSD, Hannibal was also bullied with other orphans teasing him due to his temporary mute state. Fortunately, by the age of sixteen, he managed to escape the miserable orphanage’s environment and, finding out he had a wealthy uncle in France, ventured onwards in hopes to live a better life. Upon arriving in France, Hannibal quickly learned of his uncle’s, Robert Lecter, passing and was left alone to live with his uncle’s mistress, Lady Murasaki. She welcomed Hannibal with open arms (Laurentiis, Dino De, et al). This opportunity was the beginning of Hannibal’s path towards fulfilling his vengeful purpose given the time and resources to nurture his internalized monster. Lady Murasaki taught Hannibal the Japanese culture and how to defend himself. He was also granted first-class education at his uncle’s estate where he excelled in academics and was the youngest admitted into a medical school in France. In medical school, he was mentored by Dr. Dumas through which his intelligence flourished at an alarming rate (Hannibal Wiki 1). Achieving academic greatness, he interned at John Hopkins Medical Center in Baltimore, Maryland, and soon after completed his highly knowledgeable medical degree. In following through his true and underlying vengeful int entions, Hannibal had obtained tools he yearned for with extensive knowledge of the human body’s anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnostics, and functionality. His incredible academic success was thanks to his detail-oriented and perfectionistic obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) personality. He remembered every minute detail of information, could calculate and strategize multiple steps ahead of his opponents and depict every element of a scenario. In time, he learned to submerge his emotions and hide away his psychotic and murderous intent simply to achieve his ultimate goals efficiently and effectively. Hannibal’s emotionless personality and perceptively believing that justice did not exist was triggered by Mischa’s murder. During the Nazi’s massacre of slaughtering the Jews, he had experienced the loss of his entire family. It was these chain of events that gave Hannibal the ability to have no guilt or reaction upon successfully killing those he believed to deserve it. At the age of 16, for example, he accomplished his first vengeful act by killing a butcher that rudely insulted his aunt at the food market. Besides an eerie smile upon his first murder by chopping off the butcher’s head, he showed absolutely no emotion or guilt. According to the Hannibal Wiki, Hannibal slices the victims cheeks and ate them, his first willful act of cannibalism (1). Hannibal’s horrendous action is a classic example of crossing over the line in association to Monster Culture’s thesis five, The Monster Polices the Borders of the Possible,† by doing inhumane things unacceptable in modern society (Cohen 12). More so, when taken to the police station for questioning in regards to the butcher death and his decapitated head’s whereabouts, Hannibal passed the lie detector machine’s test with ease and comfort. These were sure signs of a significantly fearful monster and beginnings of the relentless vengeful path. Experiencing how easy it was to get away with murder and secure his self-deserved justice, Hannibal set forth on fulfilling his vengeance. He started utilizing his popular â€Å"quid pro quo† concept by hunting down the Nazi soldiers, one by one, through exchanges of information. Once Hannibal obtained the information and material he needed through exchanges fully advantageous to himself, he cannibalized them. With each subsequent killing, Hannibal improved and fine-tuned his skills as a professional serial killer. As the monster within evolved to a greater being, the more openly displayed traits of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). His felt entitled ridding society of these unforgivable Nazis, lacking any empathy for those he victimized while increasing his confidence of admiration. The Psychology Today article states that the hallmarks of NPD are grandiosity, a lack of empathy for other people, and a need for admiration (1). Hannibal used the quid pro quo to rationali ze and outsmart his victims, displaying his superiority over them through multiple strategic angles, brute strength, and skillful coordination. He used phrases such as, Im better than you, Im the best, and I deserve nothing but the best, to construe and overtake his victims minds. In order to achieve his goals by any means necessary, Hannibal developed mastermind manipulating techniques over others through psychological tactics and hypnotic phrases which ultimately invaded his victims’ minds, conquered their mentality, and controlled their actions. To achieve his ulterior motives, however, Hannibal knew he had to develop methods that would lower his victim’s guard to simplify his manipulative techniques. He understood the ineffectiveness and low success rate associated with demanding and ordering people to do his bidding. Instead, Hannibal groomed his personality into a charming and seemingly trustworthy gentleman. He used to the best of his ability his intellect, attractiveness, and charisma to gain the trust of those around him. He developed this trait by spending an enormous amount of time with Lady Murasaki, learning a woman’s state of mind and delving into the respectable and honorable Japanese culture’s way of life. The Japanese people believe in working to the best ability in everything they do with the utmost discretion. Hannibal took full advantage of this opportunity, honing in on skills such as suppressing his emotions and rationalizing his actions through honorable feats, with ideas towards achi eving his goal of avenging his little sister. Compiling all these behaviors and factors into his one mind, Hannibal had cultivated an antisocial personality consisting of both psychopathic and sociopathic characteristics. Although there exist debates as to whether he should be labeled as one or the other, I believe he unorthodoxically fits both categories. According to John M. Grohol, a psychologist, â€Å"Psychopaths tends to be born – [it is] likely a genetic predisposition, while sociopaths tend to be made by their environment† (Psych Central 1). Both psychopaths and sociopaths have similar personality traits of deceit and manipulation. Psychopaths are perceived as charming and trustworthy, holding steady and normal jobs, and may even have a family with a loving partner. Hannibal was able to uphold a successful academic and social life while keeping his inner monstrosity deceptively hidden away. Sociopaths, on the contrary, are typically a product of their environment’s upbringing. They are unable to trus t easily, hold down long-term jobs, or maintain a normal relationship. Hannibal also falls under this category due to his sad and extremely difficult childhood along with his malevolent actions being a result of his environmental despair. Hannibal was not born a monster, he was made a monster. The complete product of his character is closely associated to the loss of family, the cannibalization of Mischa, losing his faith in God, and coming to the realization that there exists no real justice in this world. Although highly intellectual and considered a genius by some, he is a character unable to discern the difference of what the social norm is compared to his twisted monstrous world. Hannibal took strategic steps, such as attending medical school, spending quality time with Lady Murasaki, and studying under Dr. Dumas, to achieve his own form of justice. Jeffrey Weinstock eloquently describes that â€Å"When our monsters change, it reflects the fact that we our understanding of what it means to be human, our relations with one another and to the world around us, our conception of our place in the greater scheme of things have changed as well (Ashgate 276). Ultimately, our actions reflect upon the uniqueness of how we perceive things. Finally, this brings us back to the unanswered question which begs the question, â€Å"What drove Hannibal to become the monstrosity he is?† The answer is quite simple, which is that the little boy Hannibal died in 1994 out in the snow†¦ his heart died with Mischa†¦ what he is now, there is no word for it except†¦ monster† (Hare 1). Annotated Bibliography John M. Grohol, Psy. D. Differences Between a Psychopath vs Sociopath. Psych Central. Feb 12, 2015. Pp 1-2. https://psychcentral.com/blog/differences-between-a-psychopath-vs-sociopath/ This article talks about the similarity and the different traits of Psychopath and Sociopath. They both shared diagnosis such as antisocial personality disorder and have pervasive patterns. They are normal just like anyone else, but a psychopath can be trustworthy and hold a steady job compared to a sociopath, they are impulsive and are unable to hold a long-term job. This article is reliable because it was written by a Psychologists doctor. I will use this to help explain the difference between a psychopath and a sociopath. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. Monster Culture (Seven Theses). Reading culture. Pp.3-25 http://ls-tlss.ucl.ac.uk/course-materials/HARTG075_73436.pdf The Seven theses of Monster Culture help explains why someone or something is seen as a monstrous. Each thesis explains and defines a monster by different aspects of their appearance, character or representation. The article helps us understand the monster better. I will use some of the theses to examine Hannibal in my essay, which will clarify what cause Hannibal to become a monster. Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock. Invisible Monsters: Vision, Horror, and Contemporary Culture. Ashgate Research Companion. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Pp. 276 academia.edu/3865070/Invisible_Monsters_Vision_Horror_and_Contemporary_Culture This article Weinstock compare horror stories to define monstrosity. Weinstock also used Jeffery Cohen monster theory to define each of the serial killers in the horror stories.  Ã‚   Weinstock stated, When our monsters change, it reflects the fact that we- our understanding of what it means to be human, our relations with one another and to the world around us, our conception of our place in the greater scheme of things- have changed as well. In other word, our action reflects on our minds. I will use the quote to help understand monstrosity. This article is reliable because it was published in The Ashgate Research Companion. Hare, R. D. Well Hello, Clarice.-A Psychological Analysis of Hannibal Lecter. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, 2nd Edition. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems. July 2013. Pp 1-3 https://psychknow.wordpress.com/2013/07/22/hannibal-lecter-not-a-psychopath/ This article talks about how Hannibal Lecter is a cannibalistic serial killer and helps define the cause of how Hannibal Lecter is a monster. The article includes Hannibal cunning and manipulative nature, his diagnosis of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and being examined as a psychopath. I will use this Psychopathy checklist in the Mental Health to verify my evidence of what causes Hannibal to become a monster. Hannibal Lecter. Hannibal Wiki. Pp 1-5 http://hannibal.wikia.com/wiki/Hannibal_Lecter Hannibal Wiki has a lot of information about Hannibal Lecter. It talks about his childhood to his career to how he got arrested. This information is from the novels of Hannibal Lecter and movies including The Silence of the Lambs, Hannibal, Red Dragon, and Hannibal Rising. Wiki also includes the numbers of victims had killed in his life to who escape. As stated, Hannibal did not kill for sexual or sadistic pleasure, [but] primary motives for murder were discourtesy, inferiority to himself, revenge and public service. He killed people who deserve to be killed and have no reaction upon killing it. I will use to help analysis Hannibal in the essay. Scott A. Bonn Ph.D. Our enduring Love affair with Dr. Hannibal Lecter. Psychology Today. March 2016. Pp. 1-2 https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201603/our-enduring-love-affair-dr-hannibal-lecter This article talks about how we are fascinated with the gruesome story, and that we see the serial killer as a thriller. Dr. Scott A. Bonn Ph.D. is a professor of sociology and criminology at Drew University stated that Dr. Lecters humanness makes him a much relatable and identifiable villain to the public than other one-dimensional monster characters in films. Hannibal is human like us, but because of emotionless, he is able to kill with no guilt. We fear what we might become so we do not act but rather watch what we can be. I will use this information in my essay. Laurentiis, Dino De, et al.  Hannibal Rising. The Weinstein Company, 2007. The film is about Hannibal Lecter childhood. The film help explain and see the reasoning why cannibalize his victim. I will use this to help refer to some scene I discuss in my essay. PhyslfansHotStar. â€Å"Hannibal Rising-We eat†¦ or Die.† Online video clip. Youtube. Youtub. 2012, May 29. Web. 2018, Aug 8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGROHxtQlVQ I am using this clip to help my viewer better understand the scene in my essay.

Augmentative or Alternative Communication for Disabled Students

Augmentative or Alternative Communication for Disabled Students Augmentative or alternative communication (AAC) refers to all forms of communication outside of oral speech. It may range from facial expressions and gestures to forms of assistive technology. In the field of special education, AAC comprises all communication methods for teaching students with severe language or speech disabilities. Who Uses AAC? Broadly, AAC is used by people from all walks of life at different times. A baby uses non-spoken communication to express herself, as might parents coming home to sleeping children after a night out. In particular, AAC is the method of communication used by individuals with severe speech and language disabilities, who may suffer from cerebral palsy,  autism, ALS, or who may be recovering from a stroke. These individuals are unable to use verbal speech or whose speech is extremely difficult to understand (a famous example: theoretical physicist and ALS sufferer Stephen Hawking). AAC Tools Gestures, communications boards, pictures, symbols, and drawings are common AAC tools. They may be low-tech (a simple laminated page of pictures) or sophisticated (a digitized speech output device). They are divided into two groups: aided communication systems and unaided systems. Unaided communications are delivered by the individuals body, without speech. This is akin to the baby above or the gesturing parents. Individuals who are compromised in their ability to gesture, and those for whom communication needs are richer and more subtle, will rely on aided communication systems. Communications boards and pictures use symbols to help relay the individuals needs. For example, a picture of a person eating would be used to convey hunger. Depending on the mental acuity of the individual, communications boards and picture books may range from very simple communications- yes, no, more- to very sophisticated compendia of very particular desires. Individuals with physical impairments in addition to communications challenges may be unable to point with their hands to a board or book. For them, a head pointer may be worn to facilitate the use of a communication board. All in all, the tools for AAC are many and varied and are personalized to meet the needs of the individual. Components of AAC When devising an AAC system for a student, there are three aspects to consider. The individual will need a method for representing the communications. This is the book or board of drawings, symbols, or written words. There must then be a way for the individual to select the desired symbol: either through a pointer, a scanner, or a computer cursor. Finally, the message has to be transmitted to caregivers and others around the individual. If the student is unable to share her communications board or book directly with the teacher, then there must be an auditory output- for example, a digitized or synthesized speech system. Considerations for Developing an AAC System for a Student A students doctors, therapists, and caregivers may work with a speech-language pathologist or computer expert to devise a suitable AAC for students. Systems that work in the home may need to be augmented for use in an inclusive classroom. Some considerations in devising a system are: 1. What are the individuals cognitive abilities?2. What are the individuals physical abilities?3. What is the most important vocabulary relevant to the individual?4. Consider the individuals motivation to use AAC and select the AAC system that will match. AAC organizations such as the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and the AAC Institute may offer further resources for selecting and implementing AAC systems.

Water shortage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Water shortage - Essay Example as an increase in human demand together with overuse of water (Maestu, 2013).Whereas the idea of water stress is comparatively new; it may be described as the hardness of getting fresh water sources for use for a certain period of time which may further lead to deterioration and depletion of the water resources available (Majumder, 2015). A water crisis on the other hand is a condition where the available unpolluted, drinkable water in a region is not enough to fulfill that given area’s demand. Water shortage may be as a result of 2 means; physical water shortage and economic water shortage, where physical water shortage is due to insufficient natural water sources to meet the demands of a given region and economic water shortage is due to poor management of the available water sources (Chartres & Varma, 2010). The United Nations Development Programme, claims that poor management of the adequate water sources is found more frequently to be the lead cause of agricultural ,household, environmental and industrial requirements, but do not have the means of providing it in a manner that is accessible. Reducing water shortage is an objective of several government and countries. The UN acknowledges the significance of minimizing the number of persons having no reliable access to fresh water as well as sanitation. Thus, the reduction of water shortage is one of the millennium development goals that should be met by this year (Postel,

Humanitarian Intervention and the Right to Protect Essay

Humanitarian Intervention and the Right to Protect - Essay Example The inviolability of the principle of sovereignty stood as a formidable obstacle to the entrance of other nations into sovereign territories for the purposes of humanitarian intervention. Even though sovereignty was an obstacle to humanitarian intervention, world leaders began to argue that intervention was a moral duty and responsibility. For the purposes of enforcing a right to intervention for humanitarian purposes, Canada founded the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. In 2001, the Commission published a report which openly supported, not just the right of the international community to intervene in instance of humanitarian crisis but which explicitly stated that the international community had a responsibility to protect population from the consequences of such crisis. In the 2005 World Summit in New York, the responsibility to protect was put to the vote and 192 UN member states voted in its favour. The responsibility to protect, also known as R2P, passed into international law. The responsibility to protect is, ostensibly, limited in scope to humanitarian intervention. Within the context of the stated, nations, under the UN umbrella, have the right to enter into a sovereign territory for the purposes of saving lives. ... Objections China, as have several other non-Western nations including Russia, has objected to R2P. China's objection, similar to that of other nations, is partially predicated on the assumption that the R2P doctrine is a strategy for the advancement of the West's politico-cultural and economic agenda upon non-Western nations. This means that R2P is interpreted as an excuse for the intervention in the affairs of sovereign nations. The very notion of humanitarian causes and intervention on the basis of humanitarian principles leaves the door wide upon to foreign intervention in any number of situations, according to China's argument and, ultimately, will constrain the powers of sovereign states. Another of China's arguments against R2P is that it is directly at odds with the doctrine of sovereignty and, indeed, legitimizes the violation of state sovereignty. Within the context of the stated causes, China has expressed fundamental and unwavering objection to R2P. Burma Burma suffered a cyclone of massive proportions which left tens of thousands dead and entire parts of the country devastated. While the death tool has been estimated at over 80,000, fears have been expressed that it is much greater than that. Furthermore, the country's military junta, which has displayed a completed incapability of dealing with the problem and, indeed, does not have the resources to, has been actively rejecting foreign help and aid. As long as it maintains its stance on the disallowance of foreign humanitarian workers into the country, the death tool will continue to rise. France has recently proposed entrance into Burma under R2P. The doctrine maintains that nations have the responsibility to protect populations in instances of humanitarian crisis,

Case study ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case study ethics - Essay Example on to health and safety of people, making use of stolen code, offering services for the post for which, one is not suitable and capable and production of fake test results. All these ethical problems become a cause for the death of a human being. The leadership of the company, Silicon Techtronics Inc. also took unethical and autocratic decisions due to which, the co-workers were made to take support of unethical steps in order to safe guard their jobs. The time assigned for the development of the software program was not much and in a little time, an imperfect software was developed and this imperfection was hidden from the users. This essay takes into consideration the ethical issues along with the ethical codes applicable on those issues. In addition, it also informs about the philosophical theory that could have brought a change in the results. Randy Samuels was indicted to be involved in the killing of Bart Matthews on the basis of the program that he wrote for the functioning of the arms of the robot. Bart Matthews was the robot operator in the firm. Due to the malfunctioning of the robot, Matthews was put to death. The robot moved its hands violently due to which, Matthews’ skull got damaged and he died at the spot. Randy Samuels was accused because it was analyzed that he made use of the coding language erroneously and carelessly. Randy Samuels misinterpreted the codei due to which, the robot functioned wrong. The ethical consideration that is applicable in this situation is, â€Å"You shall not claim any level of competence that you do not possess. You shall only offer to do work or provide a service that is within your professional competence.†ii When Samuel was not fully sure about his competence and experience, he should not have offered his services for programming. He should have assessed his knowledge and expertise for programming. The resulting death of Matthews indicates that Samuels had not made use of his programming before and he was not

Clostridium Difficile Infection Prevention Essay

Clostridium Difficile Infection Prevention - Essay Example Health and social care facilities generate a challenging environment due to the operations undertaken on a daily basis. This environment poses as a perfect medium for transfer of the microorganisms from patient, equipment and staff. It is important to be vigilant at all times in these environments due to the vulnerability; pressure associated with opportunist pathogens and the intensity and complexity of health care environments (Angenent & Kelly, 2009). Patients with mild symptoms of c. diff may improve if they stop taking antibiotics. Those with severe symptoms need different antibiotic medication. When the severity suffered is intense, medics administer further therapy. Clostridium difficile is an infection of the colon by the bacterium. It causes colitis by producing toxins that damage the lining of the colon. The symptoms include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. It can develop into severe complications, which include dehydration, rupture of the colon, and spread of infection s to the abdominal cavity or body. The most common cause of c. difficile colitis occurs in patients, in the hospitals, though a number of cases out of the hospital have increased. The choice of this topic in this research is influenced by the responsibility burden for social care facilities and health organizations as important pillars in curbing down c. difficile infections. As seen above, these environments are exposed to breeding grounds for the pathogens causing c. diff to grow and infect people easily.... Statistics show that hospitalized patients are more prone to the infection; however, it also affects healthy individuals. Every employee working under health departments has a key responsibility to ensure prevention and management of the infections. This responsibility covers entirely all health and social care organizations, regardless of the patient setting or care provider. Introduction of good health practices is geared towards prevention and management of infections related to pathogens that cause c. diff. There are many attributions to infection or diseases, for example, different microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and prions. These microorganisms result in a wide variety of infections (Beltrami, 2010). Such infections include urinary tract, wounds, respiratory, blood, bone and skin infections. To say that not all infections are transmissible will be in order; nonetheless, a majority of them such as influenza, clostridium difficile and norovirus can spread from on e person to another hence end up causing transmissible infections (Artel, 2011). Health and social care facilities should be made responsible for enhancing good health practices. Health and social care facilities generate a challenging environment due to the operations undertaken on a daily basis. This environment poses as a perfect medium for transfer of the microorganisms from patient, equipment and staff. It is important to be vigilant at all times in these environments due to the vulnerability; pressure associated with opportunist pathogens and the intensity and complexity of health care environments (Angenent & Kelly, 2009). Patients with mild symptoms of c. diff may improve if they stop taking antibiotics. Those with severe symptoms need different antibiotic medication. When

Financial resources and decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial resources and decisions - Essay Example After utilizing the three capital budgeting techniques, I strongly recommend project A as it generates a higher annual rate of return on average investment, shortest payback period, and higher net present value. Task 2. The following table shows the computed unit costs of products A, B, and C. It should be noted that to ensure accuracy, Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet is employed in calculation. The overheads are allocated according to machine hours in the case of machining department, and labor hours in the pressing and cutting department. The overhead rates are computed as follows: 1. For machining overhead costs, the total amount of overhead costs is computed and is divided with the total machine hours; 2. For cutting, the total overhead allocated to cutting is divided by the total number of labour hours both skilled and unskilled; 3. For pressing, the total overhead allocated to pressing is divided by the total number of labour hours used. Thus, machining has an overhead rate of 2.33/ machine hour, cutting has an overhead rate of 1.83 labor hour, and pressing has an overhead rate of 1.42/labor hour. For the services department, these are the cost allocations: The overhead costs for the services departments are allocated based on machine and labor hours computed above. For example, the overhead rate for cutting is allocated by dividing the total costs for cutting by the total number of skilled and unskilled labor hours for cutting. The following are the computed overhead rates for the engineering department: while the following are the computed overhead rates for the personnel department: It should be noted that in the case of personnel department costs allocated to the engineering department and vice versa is computed by...However, this technique disregards the additional cash flow which can be recouped from the project as it only focuses on the time when the whole investment will be recovered. The Net Present Value (NPV) analysis is very much different from the other two techniques discussed as it takes into account the time value of money. This method recognizes that the value of a pound today is greater than its expected value tomorrow. This technique is favored by more economists and managers because it is more realistic. It also takes into account the total cash flow from the investment including the depreciation and the tax shield from it. After utilizing the three capital budgeting techniques, I strongly recommend project A as it generates a higher annual rate of return on average investment, shortest payback period, and higher net present value. The overhead costs for the services departments are allocated based on machine and labor hours computed above. For example, the overhead rate for cutting is allocated by dividing the total costs for cutting by the total number of skilled and unskilled labor hours for cutting. It should be noted that in the case of personnel department costs allocated to the engineering department and vice versa is computed by dividing the total cost to the total number of units produced for each product. Price sett

Building a companies without borders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Building a companies without borders - Essay Example According to Becht (2010, p. 2), this means that most of the top managers of Reckitt Benckiser â€Å"haven’t held jobs in their company of origin for years and view themselves as global citizens rather than as citizens of any given nation.† The company operates in 60 countries and its 400 managers are from 53 nationalities (Becht 2010). According to Becht (2010, p. 1), the company adopted the strategy of being a â€Å"company without borders† because â€Å"it’s one of the best ways to generate new ideas and create entrepreneurs.† Becht (2010) claimed that Reckitt Benckiser’s strategy of â€Å"global cross-fertilization† led to good results because the strategy accounts for 35 to 40% of net revenue. Becht (2010) implied that â€Å"global cross-fertilization† promoted the invention of innovative products in Reckitt Benckiser. In turn, innovative products enabled the company to enjoy â€Å"steady, profitable growth, even during th e downturn† (Becht 2010, p. 1). Thus, according to Becht (2010), Reckitt Benckiser has outrun all her competitors since 2005. In the Becht (2010, p. 2) narrative, Reckitt Benckiser deliberately deploy managers in unfamiliar territories and not in their country of origin but they are expected â€Å"to find their footing very quickly.† Most managers, however, â€Å"grow tremendously† when they are taken out of their â€Å"familiar zone† (Becht, 2010, p. 2). Despite the multiplicity of nationalities in Reckitt Benckiser, the company insists on a common language in all meetings (Becht 2010). All are expected to say their piece no matter how blunt one’s piece is expressed. Thus, Reckitt Benckiser’s meetings are â€Å"chaotic† because â€Å"what takes over† is â€Å"an intensity and a feeling that we have to fight for better ideas† (Becht, 2010, p. 3). At Reckitt Benckiser, consensus is not highly valued but â€Å"conflict tha t simply slows down decision-making or is for political or personal gain is not tolerated† (Becht, 2010, p. 3). Nevertheless, â€Å"almost every key decision is made in meetings where it’s first discussed† and all must agree 100% to implement the decisions and â€Å"move quickly† (Becht, 2010, p. 3). However, minority views are not crushed (Becht, 2010). Those who do subscribe to the majority position are allowed to experiment with their ideas (Brecht, 2010, p. 3). Some of the questions that can be raised are as follows? How to the diversity of cultures impact on business? Do international connections play a role in business profitability? Are â€Å"companies without borders† a global trend? How do companies without borders organize themselves as a business? On the impact of diversity of cultures in managing businesses, John et al. (2011, p. 7) argued that â€Å"cultures that vary in value orientations should also vary in the level of control and p articipation.† John et al. (2011, p. 7) pointed out that â€Å"in a truly global marketplace, managers working in cross-cultural interactions need a better understanding of the impact of cultural orientation on an individual’s expectation at the service encounter.† This means, for example, consumers in diverse cultures vary with regard to how fast services should be, how faithful advertising should be on claims with regard to product quality, how assertive consumers can be with

Financial resources and decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial resources and decisions - Essay Example After utilizing the three capital budgeting techniques, I strongly recommend project A as it generates a higher annual rate of return on average investment, shortest payback period, and higher net present value. Task 2. The following table shows the computed unit costs of products A, B, and C. It should be noted that to ensure accuracy, Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet is employed in calculation. The overheads are allocated according to machine hours in the case of machining department, and labor hours in the pressing and cutting department. The overhead rates are computed as follows: 1. For machining overhead costs, the total amount of overhead costs is computed and is divided with the total machine hours; 2. For cutting, the total overhead allocated to cutting is divided by the total number of labour hours both skilled and unskilled; 3. For pressing, the total overhead allocated to pressing is divided by the total number of labour hours used. Thus, machining has an overhead rate of 2.33/ machine hour, cutting has an overhead rate of 1.83 labor hour, and pressing has an overhead rate of 1.42/labor hour. For the services department, these are the cost allocations: The overhead costs for the services departments are allocated based on machine and labor hours computed above. For example, the overhead rate for cutting is allocated by dividing the total costs for cutting by the total number of skilled and unskilled labor hours for cutting. The following are the computed overhead rates for the engineering department: while the following are the computed overhead rates for the personnel department: It should be noted that in the case of personnel department costs allocated to the engineering department and vice versa is computed by...However, this technique disregards the additional cash flow which can be recouped from the project as it only focuses on the time when the whole investment will be recovered. The Net Present Value (NPV) analysis is very much different from the other two techniques discussed as it takes into account the time value of money. This method recognizes that the value of a pound today is greater than its expected value tomorrow. This technique is favored by more economists and managers because it is more realistic. It also takes into account the total cash flow from the investment including the depreciation and the tax shield from it. After utilizing the three capital budgeting techniques, I strongly recommend project A as it generates a higher annual rate of return on average investment, shortest payback period, and higher net present value. The overhead costs for the services departments are allocated based on machine and labor hours computed above. For example, the overhead rate for cutting is allocated by dividing the total costs for cutting by the total number of skilled and unskilled labor hours for cutting. It should be noted that in the case of personnel department costs allocated to the engineering department and vice versa is computed by dividing the total cost to the total number of units produced for each product. Price sett

Palliative Care in Heart Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Palliative Care in Heart Failure - Essay Example In some cases there is only a slight reduction in the power of the ventricle, which causes mild symptoms. If the power of the pumping action is greatly reduced then more severe symptoms will result. Diastolic dysfunction. This means that the left ventricle does not fill up with blood as much as it should when the heart rests between each heartbeat. This may be due to various factors. For example, the ventricle may not relax fully between each heartbeat, or the ventricle may be more 'stiff' and less easily stretched than it should be. "Heart failure may be the result of damage to the heart muscle. The damage is most commonly caused by a heart attack, but sometimes it may be caused by excessive alcohol consumption or a virus infection. This may be referred to as 'cardiomyopathy.' Cardiomyopathy is a condition of the heart muscle where the cause is often not known". (2006c) "Heart failure can also result from conditions which put an extra workload on the heart. The heart may have coped with this increased workload for many years before heart failure occurs. Problems which can cause an increased workload include": (2006c) Heart failure is a common condition; estimates of prevalence range from 2to 10per 1000population, and the incidence is rising as more people survive acute coronary events 1. The median survival for heart failure (16months after first hospital admission, unadjusted) is worse than for many of the common cancers 2. Despite this poor outlook, those who die of the condition in the United Kingdom seldom access specialist palliative care services, and responsibility for their care lies with primary care, cardiology, geriatrics, or general medicine. Palliative medicine grew out of the hospice movement, and cancer charities still make a substantial contribution to the costs of palliative care. This, coupled with professional doubts over the wisdom of expansion, means that specialist care of the dying is virtually synonymous with cancer care in the United Kingdom 3. Palliative Care "Simply stated, palliative care is support and comfort for individuals and families living with chronic or life-threatening illnesses". (2006f) It can also be referred to as "Active total care offered to patients with progressive disease and their families when it is recognized that the illness is no longer curable, in order to concentrate on the quality of life and the alleviation of distressing symptoms in the framework of a coordinated service. The focus of Palliative Care is neither to hasten nor postpone death. It provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms and integrates the psychological and spiritual aspects of care. Furthermore, it offers a support system to help relatives and friends cope during the patient's illness and bereavement" (2006h). Palliative care focuses on: Relieving pain and other uncomfortable symptoms Helping families and friends involved in caregiving Planning for chronic care and facing the end of life for patients with Cancer, chronic lung disease, heart disease and heart failure". (2006f) Heart Failure with respect to Palliative Care Several

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example for Free

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Challenges of Teenage Parenthood A. Parenthood Options B. Continuing Education C. Financial Problems V. Conclusion Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in todays society ;there are many ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, many people to get advice from, and many decisions a teenage parent must make. The statistics tell that the U. S. has the highest rate of teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy ; Parenting You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is and births. More than 4 out of ten young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20-nearly one billion a year(Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Teenage pregnancy has declined slowly but steadily. These recent declines reverse the 24-percent rise in the teenage birth rate from 1986 to 1991 (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Usually only one-third of teenage mothers receive a high school diploma. The rest of the mothers usually end Teen Pregnancy You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is killing you, two minutes p on welfare. A majority of both boys and girls who are sexually active wish they had waited. Eight in ten girls and six in ten boys say they wish they had waited (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Many people are concerned about the problems teenage parents and their children face. The health risks for a teenage girl who becomes pregnant increase sharply. One of the concerns of teenage mothers is the health risk. Usually young women have Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy Over the past two decades, the rates of teen pregnancy have grown dramatically. According to the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy, approximately every thirty-one seconds teenage pregnant in the more complications in pregnancy than older women. The most hazardous complication is low birth weight. One out of seven babies born to teenage mothers have a low birth weight (Hildebrand 88). Poor eating habits, smoking, or using alcohol or drugs, cause low birth weight. Premature babies and babies with low birth weights often have organs that havent fully developed, such as lungs, heart and brain. These babies get sick easier than normal weight babies. As a result Teen Pregnancy The situation is as follow: A teen girl (anywhere from the age thirteen to eighteen) finds herself in a sexual relationship with a male. The end result is from what was motioned above, teenage mothers are considered to be in the high-risk health category. They need good prenatal care as soon as they find out they are pregnant. A doctor, nurse, or other medical practitioner gives most of the information about nutrition. Prenatal care can help prevent pregnancy complications and improve ones chances of having a healthy baby. The best way to prevent teenage pregnancy, which is 100% effective, is abstinence. Most teenagers have a whole Teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? life ahead of them and having a child will cause a lot of complications in your goals. Its not impossible for teenage mothers to complete high school, or try to reach their goals in life, but having a child could very well interfere with these goals. Another way of protection is condoms. There are a lot of protections out there, but these protections are not 100-percent reliable. There are a lot of places and people to go to Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? for support and advice. In addition there are many organizations and hotlines a teenage mother can contact for advice and assistance. Parents and family are one alternative. There are a lot of teenagers that are afraid of their parents reactions. However, most parents are calmer and more supportive than teenagers expect. Most parents are shocked when the teenager comes and tells them that they are pregnant. Just give the parents time and they will try to give their Teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? teenager the best advice that they know. The school nurse or counselor is another place to get advice. The counselor usually can gather up pamphlets and brochures about pregnancy. The counselor can also help the teenager remain in school. They are very supportive and understanding. Doctors and clinics are very important for a teenage parent to go to. There are a lot of home pregnancy tests available, but the doctor is a lot more reliable and gives

The American Renaissance Essay -- American Renaissance Literary Master

The American Renaissance period, circa 1876-1917, heralded a new sense of nationalism with a pride linking to a spirit akin to Greek democracy, the rule of Roman law, and a cultural and educational reform movement often referred to as Renaissance humanism. This American nationalism focused on the expression of modernism, technology, and academic classicism. Renaissance technological advancements include wire cables supporting the Brooklyn Bridge in the State of New York, along with cultural advancements found in the Prairie School houses, Beaux-Arts Institute of Design in architecture and sculpture. The political heir of American nationalism evolved with the Gilded Age and New Imperialism school of thought. The American Renaissance produced major influential literary works from some of the most brilliant minds in U.S. history, including Ralph Waldo Emerson's the "Representative Man (1850)", Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlett Letter (1850)" and "The House of Seven Gables (1851)," Her man Melville's "Moby-Dick," Henry David Thoreau's "Walden (1854)," and Walt Whitman's "Leaves of Grass (1855)." American Renaissance Literary Masterpieces The American Renaissance, a literary and cultural period circa extending from 1820 to the mid-1860s, gained inspiration from the unresolved issues of the American Revolution. The American Renaissance literary style was coined as "Romanticism," an international philosophical movement that redefined the perceptions of Western cultures, and seldom refers to the preconceived notions of love. Some important authors arising out of this era include: James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Harriet Jacobs, Emily Dickinson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Edgar Allen Poe, and Herman Melvill... ...nt known as Transcendentalism and its impact on the American Renaissance. Apocalyptic and Utopian Society: A symbolic presentation of post-apocalyptic America and the utopian society. Romanticism: Musical Composition: Course material covering the musical composition of the Romantic period, also known as the American Renaissance. The American Renaissance period brought about major cultural, social, political, and philosophical change. Pioneers who stood for the abolition of slavery, women's suffrage, expansion, and literary experimentalism challenged and withstood opposition to those comfortable with the old social order. These developments continue to influence our society today, despite overcoming major obstacles within the last century. Only we can take advantage of present opportunities to influence and bring about positive change for future generations.

Lord Of The Flies Chapter 4: Painted faces And Long hair :: English Literature

Lord Of The Flies Chapter 4: Painted faces And Long hair At the beginning of this chapter the link with moral order and civilisation is still present This is noticeable when Roger is throwing stones but makes sure they do no hit Henry. This is because â€Å"the taboo of the old life† is still strong, â€Å"Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law† However there is a suggestion that civilisation is becoming remote for the boys â€Å"Rogers arm was conditioned by a civilisation that new nothing of him and was in ruins† Civilisation is a distant memory. Roger and Maurice are beginning to behave differently towards the littluns. They kicked their sand castles over, buried the flowers and scattered the chosen stones. They enjoy doing this, something they would have not done in their past life as they would have been punished by their parents. Maurice realises this while walking away as he â€Å"still felt the unease of a wrong-doing.† This shows that although they have broken away from their past life, by rule breaking, they still have a sense of right and wrong. Moral standards are under threat in this new environment. Jacks standards and morals have been eroded. He claims that his war paint is for camouflage and will help him when he is hunting, â€Å"They don’t smell me. They see me.† He claims. Jack is excited by his new appearance. However the war paint removes him from his previous identity. The others are â€Å"appalled† as Jack â€Å"began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling.† He takes on primitiveness and leaves behind the rules and laws from his previous life. The war paint mask appeared to be taking control â€Å"the mask was a thing on it’s own† and it â€Å" compelled them† Jack had left behind his â€Å"shame and self consciousness.† Piggy is trying to maintain a link with civilisation by suggesting they could make a sundial. However this is treated with sarcasm and ridicule from Ralph â€Å"and an airplane, and a TV set†¦ and a steam engine.† Piggy, keen to be accepted misinterprets Ralph’s smile as a friendly gesture but Ralph becomes dismissive and moves away. The boys suddenly realise that their fire has gone out and a ship passes by without seeing them. Ralph hears the hunting processions chanting led by Jack. During the early days Jack could not bring himself to kill a pig. However killing has now become acceptable. The boys involved in the hunt have broken what was earlier, a taboo. Not only are they now prepared to kill, they actually take real pleasure in doing so â€Å"Kill

Collective unconscious Essay

Carl Jung was born in Kesswyl, Thurgau, Switzerland on July 26, 1875. His father was kind but weak, while his mother was an insecure woman but with two personalities: (a) kind and loving (b) harsh and aloof. Jung was lonely at childhood making him introvert. In 1906 he published The Psychology of Dementia Praecox, a psychoanalytic treatment of schizophrenia. He first met Freud in 1907 and Freud regarded Jung as his son and they travelled and worked together that lasted until 1913. Freud and Jung had an argument that ended their friendship. Freud considered it as the â€Å"Great Loss†. Jung is the first president of International Psychoanalytic Society. Jung established his own school of psychology named â€Å"Analytical Psychology†. Jung begun the structure of personality and made the ego, personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Dynamics of Personality Carl Jung conceived that the personality or psyche as being a partially closed energy system. Energy from the outside sources must be added into the system and the system will only be perfect and stabilized if it is completely closed. He called psychic energy as the energy by which the work of personality is performed. Psyche – refers to all psychological processes: thoughts, feelings, sensations, wishes, etc. It is also another term for personality. Principle of Equivalence – states that if a particular value weakens the sum of the energy represented by the value will not be lost from the psyche but will reappear in a new value. Principle of Entropy – states that the distribution of energy in the psyche seeks equilibrium and balance. Structure of Personality. 1. Ego – it is one’s conscious mind. It serves as the organized conscious mediator between the person and reality especially by functioning both in the perception of and adaptation to reality. 2. Personal unconscious – the material in the personal unconscious comes from the individual’s past. It consist f experiences that was once conscious but have been repressed. 3. Collective unconscious – is the part of the collective psyche that is unconscious. It is the storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from one’s ancestral past. Archetypes – it is the universal thought form or predisposition to respond to the world in a certain way. It emphasizes potentialities; it represents different potential ways in which we may express our humanities. The Self – it represents the unity of all parts of the personality. It is the central archetype. Self Ultimate unity of personality (the central archetype) Persona Mask or Social Role Shadow Animal instincts or the opposite of Persona Anima Feminine side of male psyche Animus Masculine side of the female psyche. The Persona – refers to the social role that one assumes in society. It is a mask that one wears to adjust to the demands of society. The Shadow – encompasses those unsocial thoughts, feelings and behaviours that we potentially posses and other characteristics that we do not want to accept. The Anima – feminine side of the male psyche. The Animus – masculine side of the female psyche. Word association – a test used by Jung to detect complexes. The test is composed of a list of words; as each word is presented, the patient responds with the first word that comes to his or her mind. Complexes – an organized group of thoughts, feelings and memories about a particular concept that has power to draw new ideas into it and interpret them accordingly. Basic Attitudes Extroverted attitude: a standpoint characterized by an outward flowing of personal energy — an interest in events, in people and things, a relationship with them, and a dependence on them. Introverted attitude: characterized by an inward flowing of personal energy—a withdrawal concentrating on subjective factors. The Four Functions Thinking – gives meaning and understanding; actions are a result of an intellectually considered motive; life is based on principles. Feeling – a rational function that weighs, values, and attaches a proper value to things. Truth is seen as inter-subjectivity. Sensation – emphasis on perception through the senses. It is a reality functions because it yields facts and the representations of the world. Intuition – tells of future possibilities and gives information of the atmosphere which surrounds experience. Causality vs. Teleology For Jung both past and the future standpoints are important in determining the present behaviour. Teleology explains the present in terms of the future while causality explains the present in terms of the past. Individuation – process of restoring wholeness to the psyche in adult development. Transcendence Function – is capacity to unite all of the opposing trends of the several systems to work toward the perfect wholeness. Self realization – is process of development that involves individuation and transcendence. In the process, the systems of the psyche achieve their fullest most complete differentiation and harmonious blending of all aspects of a human’s total personality. Strengths Jung’s theory as the first to discuss the process of self actualization. He was the first to emphasize the importance of the future in determining human behaviour. He stressed the attainment of selfhood as the main motive in human behaviour. Weaknesses Jung’s method was not systematic and puts too much emphasis on occultism, spiritualism and religion. His theory was said to be unscientific, unclear, inconsistent and contradictory. His self actualization is only applicable to the highly intelligent, well educated and those who have plenty of time to reach a degree of individualism. Sources: Engler, B. (2006). Personality Theories: An Introduction. USA: Houghton Mifflin Company. Hall, C. , Gardner, L. (1975). Theories of Personality. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Burger, J. (2008). Personality. Belmont, California, Wadsworth Clonniger, S. (2004). Theories of Personality: Understanding Persons. USA: Pearson Prentice Hall Mitchell, G. Carl Jung & Jungian Analytical Psychology. Retrieved from http://www. trans4mind. com/mind-development/jung. htmlÃ'Ž

Generic vs. Name Brand

You Get What You Pay For When you shop for groceries where do you stand in choosing either a generic vs. brand name product? Do you reach for the brand name box of Kraft macaroni and cheese, or would you rather pick up a generic box of macaroni and cheese to save that extra 10 cents? Is your decision based off a difference in taste or is it simply a matter of paying for quality of the product? What does spending more money on a brand name food product have to say about who we are in our culture today?Today there is an idea that by buying a brand name product a person is buying something of more quality, which can strangely in turn determine our importance in society. My mother stood firm by the phrase â€Å"you get what you pay for†. Meaning name brand foods taste better and are higher quality, and that the no name â€Å"generic† brands are cheap and don’t taste as good. I even remember years ago on a routine trip to the grocery store, my mother asked me to get s paghetti sauce. When I returned my mother remarked, â€Å"Lauren you got the wrong sauce.Please run and get me the good sauce, the name brand spaghetti sauce, not this cheap gross sauce†. Afterwards she was even given a taste test between the two sauces, and struggled to make a choice and give me the right answer to support her belief. Considering most generic brand foods and the name brand foods taste almost identical to one another, wouldn’t one think that the less expensive, no name brand would be the obvious one to buy? Yet society still is drawn to choose the name brand items.Shoppers are quite leery of some categories. Although they’ll snap up store brand paper goods and plastics, consumers almost never buy store-brand wine, pet food, soda, or soup. That may be especially true when the category includes a name brand such as Coca-Cola or Campbell’s. Most grocery store shoppers know that buying generic store brand products instead of the brand name pr oducts can save a lot of money. In fact, by filling a shopping cart with generic brands could save an average of 30 percent on your purchase.If you spend $100 a week on groceries, those savings add up to more than $1,400 a year. Yet some shoppers are insistent to go for the name brands for the reason that they have a name to protect with their product. Meaning satisfaction of the product is guaranteed. However, if they taste the same why is there a price difference at all? Several reasons for the discounted price on the no name generic brands is that companies don’t spend a lot of time or money on product development or on advertising or promotion costs.You definitely pay a little bit more money for the label that is researched, designed and marketed to be more appealing to the targeted buyer. The generic brand companies keep cost low by taking the extra costs of research, marketing and graphic art frills away and presenting you with a less flashy, less quality version of pac kaging for a lower amount of money. People buy generic products to save money, however, it may also have an effect on the buyer’s own sense of self-worth. Buying generic products lower self-esteem. Indulging on top quality items makes us feel better about ourselves.For the most part, buying nice things makes us happy. Although, there are those who find joy in buying generic as well. Some may feel genuinely smart when using generics instead of brand names. This may be a result of the feeling that they received an equal product for less money. Yet that unconscious link between the products we buy and how they make us feel about ourselves suggest that if holding a box of generic corn flakes in the supermarket makes you feel like â€Å"a loser,† than you might want to put it down and reach for the Kellogg’s.To support that brand name foods are better it’s been argued that cost also has to do with the quality of products that are put into the item. You should compare the ingredients of the generic and the name brand before buying. Make sure that they have the same ingredients and that the generic does not have more unhealthy ingredients than the generic. Also, a brand name tends to have a little bit higher quality of products than the generic version. While the generic may list the exact same ingredients, it may not be as good of quality which â€Å"could† affect the taste.The individuals that usually buy brand name products have a tendency to believe they must buy them in order to get good quality. Meaning of course better quality is overall â€Å"better† in taste and health. Although, the qualities of ingredients between products are almost always identical to one another, making this argument nearly useless. The idea of better quality in name brand versus generic moves on still into a more psychological aspect rather than just economic.Society continues to buy into the belief that if it costs more it must be better. Why is that a fancy picture and a higher cost for a product give a person the impression that owning this item makes them feel better about themselves? Pride of ownership comes to play, and something about buying better quality makes a person feel better about a their own status in society. Perhaps a person may feel they work hard and deserve the best or that if they buy the name brand, they will experience better health, happiness, or appearance.This is supported with the fact that even though the spaghetti sauce taste test proved to my mother that there was little or no difference between sauces, she still buys and insists the name brand sauce is better. To this day you will rarely find a generic brand food box or label in my mother’s pantry. Do you really get what you pay for? Well, if you want to help pay the salaries of the advertising, development and research teams that go into the name brand products then you do! However, if you want to save money and still experience a q uality product with a comparable taste, generic no name brands would be the obvious answer.